Even though many people know the benefits of using Spandex Fabric, there are several surprising facts about this fabric. This article will discuss the history of the material, how it is made, and how you can care for it.
History of Spandex Fabric
During World War II, DuPont scientists began to develop synthetic rubber replacements. Rubber was used for war equipment and was unsustainable in price and stability.
During the early 1950s, DuPont began working on stretchy polyester fiber. This flexible fiber was perfect for athletic clothing. It could withstand high temperatures and make clothing that would ride close to the skin. In addition to athletic apparel, bathing suits, pantyhose, and intimate apparel also use spandex.
Polyurethane is the main component of spandex. IG Farben, a German company, developed polyurethane in 1937. It was the first synthetic polyurethane elastomer. However, it was produced in large amounts in 1940.
After World War II, hundreds of top German scientists relocated to the United States. They joined DuPont to work in the textile engineering department. DuPont scientists began to experiment with synthetic elastic fibers and worked on developing an artificial rubber replacement.
In 1958, chemist Joseph C. Shivers perfected the polymer that would eventually become spandex. He modified Dacron polyester and developed an intermediate fiber that would stretch.
Elastane vs. Spandex Fabric
Usually, when people talk about elastane and spandex, the terms are used interchangeably. There are, however, some distinctions between the two.
The first difference is the way the fabric is produced. Elastane is a synthetic fiber that was developed over fifty years ago. It can stretch, but it is not as durable as rubber. Typically, elastane is made from polyurethane. It is a petroleum-based polymer that can stretch up to 700 percent.
On the other hand, spandex fabric in black is made from a polyurethane copolymer. It allows it to stretch up to five times as much as elastane. However, this fabric can also stretch out of shape after a few uses. It also tends to trap moisture. Its low melting point makes it less breathable than other materials.
Depending on the manufacturer, elastane and spandex are produced in different ways. The most common way is through solution dry spinning. During this process, a chemical called diisocyanate is heated to create a monomer. This polymer is then spun into fibers. The fibers will then be woven or knitted.
As a result, different manufacturers produce different levels of quality. Some have high-quality elastane, while others make low-quality materials. However, elastane and spandex do serve the same purpose.
In the US, spandex is more frequently utilized than elastane. It is a result of the fabric’s greater adaptability. Many other materials, including polyester, can be blended with it. Additionally, the cloth is more chemically resistant.
Toxic chemicals used in spandex production
Several chemicals used in spandex production have been linked to health risks. These include TDI, a toxic chemical known to cause allergic reactions and skin irritation. There is also the possibility that the chemicals may be carcinogenic.
These chemicals are used in a variety of ways to make spandex. Some are used to dye the fibers. Others are used as stabilizers to protect the integrity of the polymer.
The first step is to make a prepolymer to create the fibers. It is a chemical that forms the backbone of the fiber. It is a rigid polymer reacted with an isocyanate to produce a soft and flexible fiber. The fibers then return to their original length when they are released.
The fibers can be dyed, which improves their appearance. Next, acid dyes are applied to the threads. Finally, the fibers are spun with other fibers to create unique fabrics.
Another chemical used in the spandex production process is polyurethane. It is a carcinogen. It is also known to cause bone marrow damage. It is derived from the reaction of polyester with diisocyanate.
Barium sulfate is also used to make spandex. This chemical can cause dermatitis and hyper-skin pigmentation. Additionally, it may impact the central nervous system.
Care for spandex garments
Using the correct care for spandex clothing is essential for its longevity. This fabric is a synthetic fiber that gives clothes stretch and durability. It is also very light and breathable.
When washing spandex clothing, use cool water with mild detergent. You should avoid using bleach and fabric softener. These chemicals attract bacteria and can dull the finish of the fabric.
After washing, let the garment air dry. Drying it in the dryer may damage the fibers. You should use a dryer that is low in temperature. When drying the garment, you should use a mesh bag to prevent it from over-stretching.
You should also avoid using hot water. The heat can ruin the spandex fibers.
When washing spandex clothes, you should always follow the instructions on the care label. This label will state the composition of the fibers in the garment. You will usually find this information on the back of the garment’s waistband.
You should use a stain remover and a mild liquid detergent when cleaning spandex clothing. It helps remove oil from sweat and dirt.
Baking soda may also be used to get rid of harsh smells. This alkaline powder is mild and will not harm the fibers. In addition, the pH balance properties of baking soda will discourage the growth of odor-causing bacteria.
